ICT
ICTs stand for information and communication technologies and are defined, for the purposes, as a “diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information.” These technologies include computers, the Internet, broad casting technologies (radio and television), and telephony.
The Effectiveness of ICTs in Education
ICTs are a potentially powerful tool for extending educational opportunities, both formal and non-for mal, to previously underserved constituencies—scattered and rural populations, groups traditionally excluded from education due to cultural or social reasons such as ethnic minorities, girls and women, persons with disabilities, and the elderly, as well as all others who for reasons of cost or because of time constraints are unable to enroll on campus.
• Anytime, anywhere. One defining feature of ICTs is their ability to transcend time and space. ICTs make possible asynchronous learning, or learning characterized by a time lag between the delivery of instruction and its reception by learners. Online course materials, for example, may be accessed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. ICT-based educational delivery (e.g., educational programming broadcast over radio or television) also dispenses with the need for all learners and the instructor to be in one physical location. Additionally, certain types of ICTs, such as teleconferencing technologies, enable instruction to be received simultaneously by multiple, geographically dispersed learners (i.e., synchronous learning).
• Access to remote learning resources. Teachers and learners no longer have to rely solely on printed books and other materials in physical media housed in libraries (and available in limited quantities) for their educational needs. With the Internet and the World Wide Web, a wealth of learning materials in almost every subject and in a variety of media can now be accessed from anywhere at anytime of the day and by an unlimited number of people. This is particularly significant for many schools in developing countries, and even some in developed countries, that have limited and outdated library resources. ICTs also facilitate access to resource persons, mentors, experts, researchers, professionals, business leaders, and peers—all over the world.
· ICTs help prepare individuals for the workplace.
One of the most commonly cited reasons for using ICTs in the classroom has been to better prepare the current generation of students for a workplace where ICTs, particularly computers, the Internet and related technologies, are becoming more and more ubiquitous. Technological literacy, or the ability to use ICTs effectively and efficiently, is thus seen as representing a competitive edge in an increasingly globalizing job market.
Benefits/Advantages of ICT in Education
Here are some of the benefits which ICT brings to education according to recent research findings.
General benefits
· Greater efficiency throughout the school.
· Communication channels are increased through email, discussion groups and chat rooms
· Regular use of ICT across different curriculum subjects can have a beneficial motivational influence on students’ learning.
Benefits for teachers
· ICT facilitates sharing of resources, expertise and advice
· Greater flexibility in when and where tasks are carried out
· Gains in ICT literacy skills, confidence and enthusiasm.
· Easier planning and preparation of lessons and designing materials
· Access to up-to-date pupil and school data, any time and anywhere.
· Enhancement of professional image projected to colleagues.
· Students are generally more ‘on task’ and express more positive feelings when they use computers than when they are given other tasks to do.
· Computer use during lessons motivated students to continue using learning outside school hours.
Benefits for students
· Higher quality lessons through greater collaboration between teachers in planning and preparing resources .
· More focused teaching, tailored to students’ strengths and weaknesses, through better analysis of attainment data
· Improved pastoral care and behaviour management through better tracking of students
· Gains in understanding and analytical skills, including improvements in reading
· Comprehension.
· Development of writing skills (including spelling, grammar, punctuation, editing and re-drafting), also fluency, originality and elaboration.
· Encouragement of independent and active learning, and self-responsibility for learning.
· Flexibility of ‘anytime, anywhere’ access (Jacobsen and Kremer, 2000)
· Development of higher level learning styles.
· Students who used educational technology in school felt more successful in school, were more motivated to learn and have increased self-confidence and self-esteem
· Students found learning in a technology-enhanced setting more stimulating and student-centred than in a traditional classroom
· Broadband technology supports the reliable and uninterrupted downloading of web-hosted educational multimedia resources
· Opportunities to address their work to an external audience
· Opportunities to collaborate on assignments with people outside or inside school
Benefits for parents
· Easier communication with teachers
· Higher quality student reports – more legible, more detailed, better presented
· Greater access to more accurate attendance and attainment information
· Increased involvement in education for parents and, in some cases, improved self-esteem
· Increased knowledge of children’s learning and capabilities, owing to increase in learning activity being situated in the home
· Parents are more likely to be engaged in the school community
· You will see that ICT can have a positive impact across a very wide range of aspects of school life.
